灯盏生脉胶囊联合盐酸多奈哌齐治疗阿尔茨海默病的临床研究

目的 观察灯盏生脉胶囊联合盐酸多奈哌齐对阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能、日常生活能力及安全性的影响。方法 将98例阿尔茨海默病患者随机分为治疗组与对照组各49例; 对照组给予每日口服盐酸多奈哌齐5 mg/次,1次/d,治疗组在对照组的基础上口服灯盏生脉胶囊0.36 g/次,3次/d; 比较2组患者治疗前与治疗3、6月后认知功能评分(MMSE、ADAS-cog)、日常生活能力评分(ADAS-ADL)、血清一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)水平及不良反应发生率。结果 治疗6月后治疗组MMSE评分为(21.85±2.58)分,对照组为(20.48±2.23)分(P<0.05); 治疗3、6月后治疗组ADAS-cog评分为(45.48±5.94)、(41.57±5.10)分,对照组为(48.69±6.23)、(414.24±5.53)分(P<0.05); 治疗3、6月后治疗组ADAS-ADL评分为(43.91±4.25)、(47.57±3.86),对照组为(41.77±4.44)分、(44.46±5.18)分(P<0.05); 治疗3、6月后治疗组NO水平为(41.95±7.62)、(37.89±5.93)μmol/L,对照组为(45.28±6.68)、(41.55±7.92)μmol/L(P<0.05); 治疗3、6月后治疗组ET水平为(140.48±22.94)、(132.04±10.08)ng/L,对照组为(152.08±17.39)、(143.91±17.60)ng/L(P<0.05); 2组药物不良反应主要有恶心、失眠、头痛、乏力、头晕、腹泻、皮疹,治疗组和对照组药物不良反应发生率分别为20.41%和14.28%(P>0.05)。结论 灯盏生脉胶囊联合盐酸多奈哌齐可提高阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能及日常生活能力,减少神经毒性物质NO、ET的生成,且安全性较好     

Association between absolute volumes of lung spared from low-dose irradiation and radiation-induced lung injury after intensity-modulated radiotherapy in lung cancer: a retrospective analysis

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between absolute volumes of lung spared from low-dose irradiation and radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for lung cancer. The normal lung relative volumes receiving greater than 5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy (V5–30) mean lung dose (MLD), and absolute volumes spared from greater than 5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy (AVS5–30) for the bilateral and ipsilateral lungs of 83 patients were recorded. Any association of clinical factors and dose–volume parameters with Grade ≥2 RILI was analyzed. The median follow-up was 12.3 months; 18 (21.7%) cases of Grade 2 RILI, seven (8.4%) of Grade 3 and two (2.4%) of Grade 4 were observed. Univariate analysis revealed the located lobe of the primary tumor. V5, V10, V20, MLD of the ipsilateral lung, V5, V10, V20, V30 and MLD of the bilateral lung, and AVS5 and AVS10 of the ipsilateral lung were associated with Grade ≥2 RILI (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung was prognostic for Grade ≥2 RILI (P = 0.010, OR = 0.272, 95% CI: 0.102–0.729). Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated Grade ≥2 RILI could be predicted using AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung (area under curve, 0.668; cutoff value, 564.9 cm³; sensitivity, 60.7%; specificity, 70.4%). The incidence of Grade ≥2 RILI was significantly lower with AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung ≥564.9 cm³ than with AVS5 < 564.9 cm³ (P = 0.008). Low-dose irradiation relative volumes and MLD of the bilateral or ipsilateral lung were associated with Grade ≥2 RILI, and AVS5 of the ipsilateral lung was prognostic for Grade ≥2 RILI for lung cancer after IMRT.     

First report of Neospora caninum infection in pigs in China

Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite which can infect many mammals and birds with a worldwide distribution. However, no molecular data are available about the occurrence of N. caninum in pigs. In this study, the serological and molecular prevalence of N. caninum infection in farmed pigs were investigated in Hunan province, China, between January 2017 and December 2018. A total of 1,500 serum samples collected from 10 herds in Hunan province were evaluated using a competitive‐inhibition enzyme‐linked immunoassay assay (cELISA). The overall seroprevalence of N. caninum in the examined pigs was 1.9%. The seroprevalence of N. caninum ranged from 0.3% to 4.6% among different regions in Hunan province of China (p < .05). DNA was extracted from brain samples, and the Nc‐5 gene and ITS‐1 region were amplified and then sequenced. Three (0.5%) of the examined 600 brain tissues were found to contain N. caninum DNA. Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that N. caninum samples were classified into two distinct groups. Although the prevalence is low within the pig groups investigated, our results revealed the emergence of N. caninum infection in pigs in China. The finding of the present study provides molecular evidence that the pigs are the natural intermediate host of N. caninum and may have major epidemiological importance.